Ero sivun ”Näytönohjaimet” versioiden välillä
p (Käyttäjän 85.230.9.63 (keskustelu) muokkaukset palautettiin viimeisimpään käyttäjän Maakuth tekemään muutokseen.) |
Ei muokkausyhteenvetoa |
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Rivi 100: | Rivi 100: | ||
[[Luokka:Ajurit]] | [[Luokka:Ajurit]] | ||
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Versio 24. maaliskuuta 2006 kello 02.30
Erityisesti näytönohjainten valmistajilla on tapana pakata ajurinsa valmiiksi binäärimälleiksi, jotka pitää ujuttaa kerneliin jollain tavalla. Nämä ajurit eivät siis ole avointa lähdekoodia, koska (valmistajien mukaan) ajureissa on koodia, jonka avaamiseen heillä ei ole valtuuksia. Tällä sivulla kerrotaan ATI:n ja NVIDIAn ajureiden asentamisesta.
Ubuntu
Ubuntussa näytönohjainten binääriajurit voi asentaa universe(???!!)-pakettivalikoimasta seuraavasti.
ATI
Ensin asennetaan ajuripaketti
sudo apt-get install fglrx-driver
Lisätään ajurimoduuli kernelimoduulien listaan
echo fglrx | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
Muokataan x-palvelimen asetustiedostoa (todennäköisesti /etc/X11/xorg.conf) siten, että rivi
Driver "radeon"
muutetaan muotoon
Driver "fglrx"
Kyseinen rivi löytyy kohdasta Section "Device". Tämän jälkeen järjestelmä käynnistetään uudestaan (helpoin tapa, ilmankin selviää). Lisätietoa Ubuntun wikissä.
NVIDIA
Nvidian ajureiden asentaminen on vielä helpompaa. Ensiksi asennetaan ajurit:
sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx
Ja sitten käsketään nvidia-glx-config laittamaan X-asetukset kuntoon:
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable
Debian
Debianissa löytyy joitain binääriajureita paketoituna joko suoraan tai siten, että pelkkä asenninskripti on paketoitu. Debianin julkaisutahdin huomioon ottaen saatat haluta käyttää tuoreempia kuin Debian-paketoituja binääriajureita.
Koska binääriajurit ovat luonteeltaan epävapaat, on Debianin asennusrompuilta turha sellaisia etsiä. Debianin ns. non-free- (itse ajurit) ja contrib-osiot (asenninskriptit) ovat paikka, josta tuollaisia löytyy, joten varmista, että /etc/apt/sources.list-tiedostossasi on seuraavanlainen rivi:
deb http://ftp.fi.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib non-free
(Lihavoidut osat ovat ne tärkeät.)
ATI
Ymmärrettävät step-by-step ohjeet ATI:n ajurien asentamiseksi Debianiin löytyvät täältä.
NVIDIA
Vaihtoehto 1
Nvidian ajureiden asentaminen Debianiin käy melko helposti, sillä näille löytyy valmis paketti, jonka voi kääntää Debianin kätevällä make-kpkg-työkalulla.
Asenna ensin Nvidian epävapaat binääriajurit sekä oheistauhka:
apt-get install nvidia-kernel-source nvidia-glx
Ensimmäiseksi on syytä tutkia, millä gcc-kääntäjän versiolla ydin on käännetty, sillä moduulit on järkevintä kääntää samalla gcc-versiolla. Vertaa seuraavia tulosteita:
cat /proc/version gcc --ver
Mikäli Gcc:n versiot eroavat, kannattaa asentaa sama Gcc:n versio, jolla ydin on käännetty.
Tarkista mikä versio Linux-ytimestä koneessa on:
uname -r
Ota kolme pisteiden erottamaa lukua (vaikkapa 2.6.11-1-k7:sta 2.6.11) ja asenna kyseisen ytimen lähdekoodi:
apt-get install kernel-source-2.6.11
Siirry /usr/src -hakemistoon, ja pura sinne ilmestyneet Nvidian ytimen moduuli sekä ytimen lähdekoodi:
tar -xzfv nvidia-kernel-source.tar.gz tar -xjvf kernel-source-2.6.11.tar.bz2
Sitten käännetään Nvidian ajurit:
cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.11 fakeroot make-kpkg modules_image sudo -c "dpkg -i ../nvidia-kernel-2.6.11_*.deb"
Mikäli fakeroot- tai make-kpkg-komentoja ei löydy, ne löytyvät apt:lla paketeista fakeroot ja kernel-package.
Vaihtoehtoisesti jos et halua Debian-paketoitua Nvidian ajuria: Luo linkki syntyneestä kernel-source-2.6.11 -hakemistosta linux-hakemistoon:
ln -s kernel-source-2.6.11 linux
Hae ajuripaketti Nvidian sivuilta. Ajuripaketti asennetaan komentamalla
sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86-1.0-7667-pkg1.run
riippuen tietysti paketin nimestä. Jos esivalmistelut on hoidettu huolella, asennusohjelma menee läpi ilman murheita, kääntäen sopivan ajurimoduulin ja ladaten sen kerneliin.
Vaihtoehto 2
Asenna module-assistant
apt-get install module-assistant
Module-assistantin avulla ajurien kääntö käy nopeasti curses-käyttöliittymän tai komentorivin kautta. Jos haluat kääntää ajurit nvidian sivuilta haetusta paketista, kannattaa komentaa ensin seuraavasti.
module-assistant prepare nvidia-kernel
Joka siis hakee kaikki kernelimoduulin kääntöön vaaditut paketit (useimmiten kernelin headereita jne).
Lopuksi
Lopuksi tarvitsee enää vaihtaa X:n asetukset sopivaksi (/etc/X11/XFree86Config-4 tai /etx/X11/xorg.conf), eli rivi (kohdasta Section "Device")
Driver "nv"
muotoon
Driver "nvidia"
Helppoa kuin heinän teko!
Muista jakeluista
Useisiin valtavirran jakeluihin (RHEL, SUSE, jne) löytyy valmis ajurimoduuli ajuripaketista tai valmistajan ftp-sivuilta, jonka ajurin asennusohjelma käy hakemassa ja asentaa. Tällaisessa tapauksessa kernelin lähdekoodin tilanteesta ja kääntöympäristöstä ei tarvitse pahemmin huolia.
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